Peritonitis is classified as primary, secondary, or tertiary. Candida peritonitis associated with peritoneal dialysis is not within the scope of this article. The purpose of this review was to present the latest research on secondary Candida peritonitis in the context of polymicrobial infections and the latest in diagnosis and treatment to guide clinicians in the management of such infections. It is, therefore, important to address the role of Candida in patients with peritonitis secondary to polymicrobial infections. Furthermore, there is very little published research on this topic. ![]() Adding to the debate is the fact that patients with Candida peritonitis often die of complications of infection even with antifungal therapy. Despite this, there is still debate about the significance of positive peritoneal fungal cultures and whether antifungal therapy should be started. The mortality of Candida peritonitis is very high and has been estimated between 20 and 70%. Left untreated, Candida peritonitis can lead to systemic infection, multiorgan failure, and death. ![]() lusitaniae, with reduced susceptibility to commonly used antifungal agents was recently observed. albicans, but a shift toward non-albicans Candida, such as C. The most common species of Candida that causes intra-abdominal infections is C. The most common cause of fungal peritonitis is Candida, whereas intra-abdominal infections with other fungi, such as Aspergillus, Paecilomyces, Penicillium, and Zygomycetes, are relatively rare. Overall, fungal peritonitis accounts for approximately 12% of all cases of peritonitis, but the rate can be much higher. The recovery of bacteria along with Candida in peritoneal fluid samples in these patients is an increasingly common occurrence that raises questions about the role of Candida as a pathogen, co-pathogen, or an innocent bystander in the disease process. Peritonitis, an inflammation of the peritoneal lining of the abdomen usually secondary to infection, is a particular problem among surgical patients with hollow viscus perforation or those with intra-abdominal surgical drains. Among the broad spectrum of invasive candidal diseases, Candida peritonitis is one of the most common manifestations of infection. ![]() The incidence of serious fungal infections continues to increase in both the immunocompetent and immunocompromised patient populations.
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